There are many different types of soils across a single farm. Different soils have different characteristics that play a role in everyday decision making in terms of crop production. Most farms know what soil types they have in each field, but if they don't know the soil type they can determine it by taking a sample, putting it in a jar of water, shaking vigorously to mix up then estimating the percentage of each soil type as it settles to the bottom in layers. Using the soil texture triangle below the farmer can determine what type of soil they are working with.
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